COURSE OUTLINE

1. Introduction to Law

Definition and importance of law

Sources of law in Kenya (Constitution, statutes, common law, Islamic law, etc.)

Classification of law: public vs. private, civil vs. criminal, substantive vs. procedural

2. The Legal System in Kenya

Structure of Kenyan courts

Roles and jurisdiction of various courts (e.g., Supreme Court, High Court, Magistrate Courts)

Alternative dispute resolution methods (ADR): arbitration, mediation

3. Law of Contract

Definition and essential elements of a valid contract

Types of contracts (express, implied, written, oral)

Offer, acceptance, consideration, intention to create legal relations

Capacity to contract and legality of purpose

Termination and breach of contract

Remedies for breach of contract

4. Law of Agency

Meaning and creation of agency

Types of agents and their authority

Duties and rights of agents and principals

Termination of agency

5. Law of Sale of Goods

Definition and essentials of a valid sale

Conditions and warranties

Transfer of property and risk

Duties of buyer and seller

Remedies for breach

6. Law of Partnership

Formation and types of partnerships

Rights and duties of partners

Registration and dissolution

Partnership vs. company

7. Law of Torts

Definition and general principles

Negligence, nuisance, defamation

Vicarious liability

Remedies in tort (damages, injunctions)

8. Employment Law

Contract of employment: rights and duties of employers and employees

Termination of employment

Labour laws in Kenya (Employment Act, Labour Relations Act)

Workplace health and safety

9. Company Law (Basic Principles)

Meaning and types of companies

Incorporation and registration

Memorandum and Articles of Association

Directors, shareholders, and meetings

Winding up and liquidation

10. Consumer Protection and Ethics

Consumer rights and responsibilities

Consumer protection laws in Kenya

Business ethics and social responsibility

TRADE PROJECT COURSE OUTLINE

1. Introduction to Trade Projects

Meaning and importance of a trade project

Types of trade projects (product-based, service-based, innovation-based)

Role of trade projects in entrepreneurship and skill development

2. Project Selection and Planning

Identifying business opportunities

Choosing a suitable trade project

Setting project goals and objectives

Work plan and timelines

3. Market Research

Identifying target market

Understanding customer needs and preferences

Analyzing competitors

Determining pricing and demand

4. Business Planning

Business name, location, and structure

Resources required (financial, human, physical)

Budgeting and capital sourcing

Legal requirements and licensing

5. Project Implementation

Setting up the business

Product or service delivery

Record keeping and stock management

Customer service and promotion

6. Monitoring and Evaluation

Daily/weekly progress tracking

Identifying challenges and solving problems

Adjusting strategies based on feedback

7. Financial Record Keeping

Cash book and petty cash

Income and expenditure statements

Profit and loss summary

Cost analysis

8. Report Writing

Structure of a trade project report:

Title page

Acknowledgment

Introduction

Objectives

Methodology

Findings and analysis

Challenges and recommendations

Conclusion

Appendices (invoices, photos, receipts, etc.)

Presentation of the report

HUMAN AND PUBLIC RELATION COURSE OUTLINE

1. Introduction to Human and Public Relations

Definition and importance

Objectives of human and public relations

Difference between human relations and public relations

Role of HR and PR in organizations

2. Human Relations in the Workplace

Interpersonal relationships

Attitudes, perception, and personality

Motivation and teamwork

Conflict resolution and handling grievances

3. Communication in Human and Public Relations

Channels of communication (formal and informal)

Barriers to effective communication

Listening skills

Feedback and clarity in communication

4. Public Relations Practices

PR tools and techniques (press releases, newsletters, brochures, etc.)

Media relations and press handling

Corporate image and branding

Crisis communication and management

5. Customer Relations and Service

Understanding customer needs and behavior

Professional conduct and etiquette

Handling customer complaints

Building customer loyalty

6. Organizational Culture and Climate

Types of organizational cultures

Influence of culture on human relations

Creating a positive work environment

7. Ethics and Professionalism in Human and Public Relations

Code of ethics in HR and PR

Confidentiality and integrity

Professional behavior and corporate responsibility

8. Event Management and Protocol

Planning and organizing events

Official procedures and etiquette

Hosting guests and managing corporate functions

9. PR Strategy and Planning

Steps in developing a PR strategy

Setting objectives, target audience, and key messages

Budgeting for PR activities

Evaluating PR effectiveness

10. Emerging Trends in Public Relations

Use of social media in PR

Digital PR and online reputation management

Corporate social responsibility (CSR)

BUSINESS FINANCE COURSE OUTLINE

1. Introduction to Business Finance

Definition and scope of finance

Objectives of business finance

Role of finance in business operations

Differences between accounting and finance

2. Sources of Finance

Internal vs. external sources

Short-term, medium-term, and long-term financing

Equity vs. debt financing

Sources for small and large businesses

3. Financial Planning and Budgeting

Objectives of financial planning

Types of budgets (operating, cash, capital)

Budget preparation and control

Importance of budgeting in decision-making

4. Working Capital Management

Meaning and components (cash, receivables, inventory, payables)

Importance of managing working capital

Liquidity vs. profitability trade-off

Cash management techniques

5. Time Value of Money

Concept and importance

Present value and future value

Simple and compound interest

Applications in investment decisions

6. Capital Structure and Cost of Capital

Meaning of capital structure

Factors influencing capital structure

Cost of equity, debt, and weighted average cost of capital (WACC)

7. Investment Appraisal Techniques

Importance of investment decisions

Payback period

Net Present Value (NPV)

Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

Profitability index

8. Financial Ratios and Analysis

Purpose and importance of financial analysis

Types of ratios: liquidity, profitability, activity, and solvency

Interpretation of financial statements using ratios

9. Sources and Management of Business Risk

Types of business risks (financial, operational, market)

Risk management strategies

Role of insurance in risk management

10. Emerging Trends in Business Finance

Mobile banking and fintech

Digital finance tools (e.g., accounting software, financial apps)

Crowdfunding and peer-to-peer lending

SALES AND MARKETING COURSE OUTLINE

1. Introduction to Sales and Marketing

Meaning and importance of sales and marketing

Difference between sales and marketing

Evolution of marketing

Functions of sales and marketing departments

2. The Marketing Environment

Internal and external environment

PESTEL analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, Legal)

Market segmentation and targeting

3. Marketing Mix (7Ps)

Product: types, life cycle, branding, packaging

Price: strategies (penetration, skimming, competitive)

Place (distribution): channels and logistics

Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, PR, personal selling

People, Process, and Physical evidence (services marketing)

4. Salesmanship

Qualities of a good salesperson

The selling process (prospecting, approach, presentation, handling objections, closing, follow-up)

Types of selling (B2B, B2C, consultative, online)

Ethics in selling

5. Market Research

Importance and process of market research

Methods of data collection (surveys, interviews, observation)

Analysis and interpretation of market data

6. Consumer Behavior

Buyer decision process

Factors influencing consumer behavior (cultural, social, personal, psychological)

Organizational vs. individual buying behavior

7. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Importance of building relationships with customers

Customer satisfaction and loyalty

Handling complaints and feedback

8. Promotion and Advertising

Objectives and types of promotion

Media selection and budgeting

Role of advertising agencies

Digital marketing basics

9. Sales Management

Functions of a sales manager

Sales forecasting and budgeting

Setting sales targets

Recruiting and training sales staff

10. Emerging Trends in Sales and Marketing

E-commerce and digital marketing

Mobile marketing and social media

Use of CRM software and analytics

Green marketing and ethical considerations

OFFICE ORGANISATION COURSE OUTLINE

1. Introduction to Office Organisation.
2. Organisation structure.
3. Office Layout.
4. Filling and Storage of records.
5. Communication Services.
6. Wages, Salaries and Accounting services.
7. Control of stationery and office equipment.
8. Human relations.
9. Emerging issues and trends in office organisation.

ECONOMICS COURSE OUTLINE

1. Introduction to Economics

Definition and scope of economics

Basic economic problems: scarcity and choice

Types of economic systems (capitalist, socialist, mixed)

Factors of production

2. Theory of Demand and Supply

Law of demand and determinants

Law of supply and determinants

Equilibrium price and quantity

Elasticity of demand and supply (price, income, cross)

3. Consumer Behavior

Utility and satisfaction

law of diminishing marginal utility

Consumer equilibrium

Indifference curve analysis (introductory level)

4. Theory of Production

Meaning and types of production

Short-run and long-run production

Law of variable proportions

Returns to scale

Costs of production: fixed, variable, average, marginal

5. Market Structures

Perfect competition

Monopoly

Monopolistic competition

Oligopoly

Price and output determination in different markets

6. National Income

Definition and concepts: GDP, GNP, NNP, NI

Circular flow of income

Methods of measuring national income

Problems in measuring national income

7. Money and Banking

Functions and characteristics of money

Types of money

Commercial banks and central bank functions

Credit creation and monetary policy

8. Inflation and Unemployment

Types and causes of inflation

Effects and control of inflation

Types and causes of unemployment

Remedies for unemployment

9. International Trade

Importance and types of trade (domestic vs. international)

Theory of comparative advantage

Balance of payments

Exchange rates

Trade restrictions: tariffs, quotas

10. Economic Planning and Development

Meaning and objectives of economic planning

Characteristics of developing economies

Strategies for economic development

Role of government in development